diff --git a/cli/api-checkpoint.py b/cli/api-checkpoint.py
index ff939f64e..61c799d83 100755
--- a/cli/api-checkpoint.py
+++ b/cli/api-checkpoint.py
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ def auth():
     return None
 
 
-def get(endpoint: str, dct: dict = None):
+def get(endpoint: str, dct: dict | None = None):
     req = requests.get(f'{sd_url}{endpoint}', json = dct, timeout=300, verify=False, auth=auth())
     if req.status_code != 200:
         return { 'error': req.status_code, 'reason': req.reason, 'url': req.url }
diff --git a/cli/api-control.py b/cli/api-control.py
index 0e73e94be..865e5b54d 100755
--- a/cli/api-control.py
+++ b/cli/api-control.py
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ def auth():
     return None
 
 
-def post(endpoint: str, dct: dict = None):
+def post(endpoint: str, dct: dict | None = None):
     req = requests.post(f'{sd_url}{endpoint}', json = dct, timeout=300, verify=False, auth=auth())
     if req.status_code != 200:
         return { 'error': req.status_code, 'reason': req.reason, 'url': req.url }
diff --git a/cli/api-detect.py b/cli/api-detect.py
index ca121b220..8d1ab2b7a 100755
--- a/cli/api-detect.py
+++ b/cli/api-detect.py
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ def auth():
     return None
 
 
-def post(endpoint: str, dct: dict = None):
+def post(endpoint: str, dct: dict | None = None):
     req = requests.post(f'{sd_url}{endpoint}', json = dct, timeout=300, verify=False, auth=auth())
     if req.status_code != 200:
         return { 'error': req.status_code, 'reason': req.reason, 'url': req.url }
diff --git a/cli/api-enhance.py b/cli/api-enhance.py
index 520625edd..0acb7d1ab 100755
--- a/cli/api-enhance.py
+++ b/cli/api-enhance.py
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ def auth():
     return None
 
 
-def post(endpoint: str, dct: dict = None):
+def post(endpoint: str, dct: dict | None = None):
     req = requests.post(f'{sd_url}{endpoint}', json = dct, timeout=300, verify=False, auth=auth())
     if req.status_code != 200:
         return { 'error': req.status_code, 'reason': req.reason, 'url': req.url }
diff --git a/cli/api-faceid.py b/cli/api-faceid.py
index 18f1d3503..bf9c8a1f0 100755
--- a/cli/api-faceid.py
+++ b/cli/api-faceid.py
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ def auth():
     return None
 
 
-def post(endpoint: str, dct: dict = None):
+def post(endpoint: str, dct: dict | None = None):
     req = requests.post(f'{sd_url}{endpoint}', json = dct, timeout=300, verify=False, auth=auth())
     if req.status_code != 200:
         return { 'error': req.status_code, 'reason': req.reason, 'url': req.url }
diff --git a/cli/api-grid.py b/cli/api-grid.py
index e41276bb9..769fbab35 100755
--- a/cli/api-grid.py
+++ b/cli/api-grid.py
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ def generate(x: int, y: int): # pylint: disable=redefined-outer-name
     return images
 
 
-def merge(images: list[Image.Image], horizontal: bool, labels: list[str] = None):
+def merge(images: list[Image.Image], horizontal: bool, labels: list[str] | None = None):
     rows = 1 if horizontal else len(images)
     cols = math.ceil(len(images) / rows)
     w = max([i.size[0] for i in images])
diff --git a/cli/api-img2img.py b/cli/api-img2img.py
index 99ab5ac34..49b23b5d7 100755
--- a/cli/api-img2img.py
+++ b/cli/api-img2img.py
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ def auth():
     return None
 
 
-def post(endpoint: str, dct: dict = None):
+def post(endpoint: str, dct: dict | None = None):
     req = requests.post(f'{sd_url}{endpoint}', json = dct, timeout=300, verify=False, auth=auth())
     if req.status_code != 200:
         return { 'error': req.status_code, 'reason': req.reason, 'url': req.url }
diff --git a/cli/api-info.py b/cli/api-info.py
index 1056ddf2a..8032a628c 100755
--- a/cli/api-info.py
+++ b/cli/api-info.py
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ def auth():
     return None
 
 
-def get(endpoint: str, dct: dict = None):
+def get(endpoint: str, dct: dict | None = None):
     req = requests.get(f'{sd_url}{endpoint}', json=dct, timeout=300, verify=False, auth=auth())
     if req.status_code != 200:
         return { 'error': req.status_code, 'reason': req.reason, 'url': req.url }
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ def get(endpoint: str, dct: dict = None):
         return req.json()
 
 
-def post(endpoint: str, dct: dict = None):
+def post(endpoint: str, dct: dict | None = None):
     req = requests.post(f'{sd_url}{endpoint}', json = dct, timeout=300, verify=False, auth=auth())
     if req.status_code != 200:
         return { 'error': req.status_code, 'reason': req.reason, 'url': req.url }
diff --git a/cli/api-json.py b/cli/api-json.py
index 61e5ec3ce..d0e657af6 100755
--- a/cli/api-json.py
+++ b/cli/api-json.py
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ def auth():
     return None
 
 
-def post(endpoint: str, payload: dict = None):
+def post(endpoint: str, payload: dict | None = None):
     if 'sdapi' not in endpoint:
         endpoint = f'sdapi/v1/{endpoint}'
     if 'http' not in endpoint:
diff --git a/cli/api-mask.py b/cli/api-mask.py
index 38aae3018..f8ee56a10 100755
--- a/cli/api-mask.py
+++ b/cli/api-mask.py
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ def auth():
     return None
 
 
-def get(endpoint: str, dct: dict = None):
+def get(endpoint: str, dct: dict | None = None):
     req = requests.get(f'{sd_url}{endpoint}', json=dct, timeout=300, verify=False, auth=auth())
     if req.status_code != 200:
         return { 'error': req.status_code, 'reason': req.reason, 'url': req.url }
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ def get(endpoint: str, dct: dict = None):
         return req.json()
 
 
-def post(endpoint: str, dct: dict = None):
+def post(endpoint: str, dct: dict | None = None):
     req = requests.post(f'{sd_url}{endpoint}', json = dct, timeout=300, verify=False, auth=auth())
     if req.status_code != 200:
         return { 'error': req.status_code, 'reason': req.reason, 'url': req.url }
diff --git a/cli/api-preprocess.py b/cli/api-preprocess.py
index abb6a9d2f..b51bfbed9 100755
--- a/cli/api-preprocess.py
+++ b/cli/api-preprocess.py
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ def auth():
     return None
 
 
-def get(endpoint: str, dct: dict = None):
+def get(endpoint: str, dct: dict | None = None):
     req = requests.get(f'{sd_url}{endpoint}', json=dct, timeout=300, verify=False, auth=auth())
     if req.status_code != 200:
         return { 'error': req.status_code, 'reason': req.reason, 'url': req.url }
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ def get(endpoint: str, dct: dict = None):
         return req.json()
 
 
-def post(endpoint: str, dct: dict = None):
+def post(endpoint: str, dct: dict | None = None):
     req = requests.post(f'{sd_url}{endpoint}', json = dct, timeout=300, verify=False, auth=auth())
     if req.status_code != 200:
         return { 'error': req.status_code, 'reason': req.reason, 'url': req.url }
diff --git a/cli/api-txt2img.py b/cli/api-txt2img.py
index 19ee6d474..648b72576 100755
--- a/cli/api-txt2img.py
+++ b/cli/api-txt2img.py
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ def auth():
     return None
 
 
-def post(endpoint: str, dct: dict = None):
+def post(endpoint: str, dct: dict | None = None):
     req = requests.post(f'{sd_url}{endpoint}', json = dct, timeout=300, verify=False, auth=auth())
     if req.status_code != 200:
         return { 'error': req.status_code, 'reason': req.reason, 'url': req.url }
diff --git a/cli/api-upscale.py b/cli/api-upscale.py
index 488f2db45..2498da964 100755
--- a/cli/api-upscale.py
+++ b/cli/api-upscale.py
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ def auth():
     return None
 
 
-def get(endpoint: str, dct: dict = None):
+def get(endpoint: str, dct: dict | None = None):
     req = requests.get(f'{sd_url}{endpoint}', json=dct, timeout=300, verify=False, auth=auth())
     if req.status_code != 200:
         return { 'error': req.status_code, 'reason': req.reason, 'url': req.url }
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ def get(endpoint: str, dct: dict = None):
         return req.json()
 
 
-def post(endpoint: str, dct: dict = None):
+def post(endpoint: str, dct: dict | None = None):
     req = requests.post(f'{sd_url}{endpoint}', json = dct, timeout=300, verify=False, auth=auth())
     if req.status_code != 200:
         return { 'error': req.status_code, 'reason': req.reason, 'url': req.url }
diff --git a/cli/api-vqa.py b/cli/api-vqa.py
index 87a3ef2b6..b93d8a15f 100755
--- a/cli/api-vqa.py
+++ b/cli/api-vqa.py
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ def auth():
     return None
 
 
-def get(endpoint: str, dct: dict = None):
+def get(endpoint: str, dct: dict | None = None):
     req = requests.get(f'{sd_url}{endpoint}', json=dct, timeout=300, verify=False, auth=auth())
     if req.status_code != 200:
         return { 'error': req.status_code, 'reason': req.reason, 'url': req.url }
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ def get(endpoint: str, dct: dict = None):
         return req.json()
 
 
-def post(endpoint: str, dct: dict = None):
+def post(endpoint: str, dct: dict | None = None):
     req = requests.post(f'{sd_url}{endpoint}', json = dct, timeout=300, verify=False, auth=auth())
     if req.status_code != 200:
         return { 'error': req.status_code, 'reason': req.reason, 'url': req.url }
diff --git a/cli/api-xyz.py b/cli/api-xyz.py
index e82fa23a8..50a0f3ecf 100755
--- a/cli/api-xyz.py
+++ b/cli/api-xyz.py
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ def auth():
     return None
 
 
-def post(endpoint: str, dct: dict = None):
+def post(endpoint: str, dct: dict | None = None):
     req = requests.post(f'{sd_url}{endpoint}', json = dct, timeout=300, verify=False, auth=auth())
     if req.status_code != 200:
         return { 'error': req.status_code, 'reason': req.reason, 'url': req.url }
diff --git a/cli/api-xyzenum.py b/cli/api-xyzenum.py
index e5eb12f83..0decd02f3 100755
--- a/cli/api-xyzenum.py
+++ b/cli/api-xyzenum.py
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ def auth():
     return None
 
 
-def get(endpoint: str, dct: dict = None):
+def get(endpoint: str, dct: dict | None = None):
     req = requests.get(f'{sd_url}{endpoint}', json = dct, timeout=300, verify=False, auth=auth())
     if req.status_code != 200:
         return { 'error': req.status_code, 'reason': req.reason, 'url': req.url }
diff --git a/cli/civitai-search.py b/cli/civitai-search.py
index cdb29c7ab..b8fbc68b3 100755
--- a/cli/civitai-search.py
+++ b/cli/civitai-search.py
@@ -99,10 +99,10 @@ def search_civitai(
         types:str = '', # (Checkpoint, TextualInversion, Hypernetwork, AestheticGradient, LORA, Controlnet, Poses)
         sort:str = '', # (Highest Rated, Most Downloaded, Newest)
         period:str = '', # (AllTime, Year, Month, Week, Day)
-        nsfw:bool = None, # optional:bool
+        nsfw:bool | None = None, # optional:bool
         limit:int = 0,
         base:list[str] = [], # list
-        token:str = None,
+        token:str | None = None,
         exact:bool = True,
 ):
     import requests
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ def search_civitai(
     return exact_models if len(exact_models) > 0 else models
 
 
-def models_to_dct(all_models:list, model_id:int=None):
+def models_to_dct(all_models:list, model_id:int | None=None):
     dct = []
     for model in all_models:
         if model_id is not None and model.id != model_id:
diff --git a/cli/gen-styles.py b/cli/gen-styles.py
index ec1f1089f..1171265a5 100755
--- a/cli/gen-styles.py
+++ b/cli/gen-styles.py
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ def pil_to_b64(img: Image, size: int, quality: int):
     return f'data:image/jpeg;base64,{b64encoded}'
 
 
-def post(endpoint: str, dct: dict = None):
+def post(endpoint: str, dct: dict | None = None):
     req = requests.post(endpoint, json = dct, timeout=300, verify=False)
     if req.status_code != 200:
         return { 'error': req.status_code, 'reason': req.reason, 'url': req.url }
diff --git a/cli/image-search.py b/cli/image-search.py
index 8b740a82e..5be923e6e 100755
--- a/cli/image-search.py
+++ b/cli/image-search.py
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ class ImageDB:
     def __init__(self,
                  name:str='db',
                  fmt:str='json',
-                 cache_dir:str=None,
+                 cache_dir:str | None=None,
                  dtype:torch.dtype=torch.float16,
                  device:torch.device=torch.device('cpu'),
                  model:str='openai/clip-vit-large-patch14', # 'facebook/dinov2-small'
@@ -123,8 +123,8 @@ class ImageDB:
             self.df = rec
         self.index.add(embed)
 
-    def search(self, filename: str = None, metadata: str = None, embed: np.ndarray = None, k=10, d=1.0): # search by filename/metadata/prompt-embed/image-embed
-        def dct(record: pd.DataFrame, mode: str, distance: float = None):
+    def search(self, filename: str | None = None, metadata: str | None = None, embed: np.ndarray = None, k=10, d=1.0): # search by filename/metadata/prompt-embed/image-embed
+        def dct(record: pd.DataFrame, mode: str, distance: float | None = None):
             if distance is not None:
                 return {'type': mode, 'filename': record[1]['filename'], 'metadata': record[1]['metadata'], 'distance': round(distance, 2)}
             else:
diff --git a/cli/process.py b/cli/process.py
index 3461e8f04..dcb4278d9 100644
--- a/cli/process.py
+++ b/cli/process.py
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ all_images_by_type = {}
 
 
 class Result():
-    def __init__(self, typ: str, fn: str, tag: str = None, requested: list = []):
+    def __init__(self, typ: str, fn: str, tag: str | None = None, requested: list = []):
         self.type = typ
         self.input = fn
         self.output = ''
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ def upscale_restore_image(res: Result, upscale: bool = False):
     return res
 
 
-def caption_image(res: Result, tag: str = None):
+def caption_image(res: Result, tag: str | None = None):
     caption = ''
     tags = []
     for model in options.process.caption_model:
diff --git a/cli/sdapi.py b/cli/sdapi.py
index a91910b1b..6c01d7de3 100755
--- a/cli/sdapi.py
+++ b/cli/sdapi.py
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ def resultsync(req: requests.Response):
         return res
 
 
-async def get(endpoint: str, json: dict = None):
+async def get(endpoint: str, json: dict | None = None):
     global sess # pylint: disable=global-statement
     sess = sess if sess is not None else await session()
     try:
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ async def get(endpoint: str, json: dict = None):
         return {}
 
 
-def getsync(endpoint: str, json: dict = None):
+def getsync(endpoint: str, json: dict | None = None):
     try:
         req = requests.get(f'{sd_url}{endpoint}', json=json, verify=False, auth=authsync()) # pylint: disable=missing-timeout
         res = resultsync(req)
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ def getsync(endpoint: str, json: dict = None):
         return {}
 
 
-async def post(endpoint: str, json: dict = None):
+async def post(endpoint: str, json: dict | None = None):
     global sess # pylint: disable=global-statement
     # sess = sess if sess is not None else await session()
     if sess and not sess.closed:
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ async def post(endpoint: str, json: dict = None):
         return {}
 
 
-def postsync(endpoint: str, json: dict = None):
+def postsync(endpoint: str, json: dict | None = None):
     req = requests.post(f'{sd_url}{endpoint}', json=json, verify=False, auth=authsync()) # pylint: disable=missing-timeout
     res = resultsync(req)
     return res